Skip to main content

Lists of SQL command

These are a list of fundamental SQL command to use.
If you liked to learn more, go to the cheatsheet that is named the same as the command name.

Retrieving data​

QueryUsageRequirementsOptional Modifier
SELECT
Choosing a column
SELECT [column_name] ...FROM... DISTINCT [column_name]
... AS [new_column_name]
[group_function]
FROM
Choosing a table source
... FROM [table_name]SELECT
WHERE
Choosing with arguments
... WHERE [arguments]SELECT & FROM
ORDER BY
Reordering result with arguments
... ORDER BY [column_name] [ASC / DESC]SELECT & FROM

Manipulating table (object)​

| Query | Usage | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --- | | CREATE TABLE
Create a new table from scratch | CREATE TABLE [table_name] ( [constraint] [column_name] [data_type] ); | | ALTER TABLE
Edit table column attributes | ALTER TABLE [table_Name] +
ADD [column_name] [data_type]; or
ALTER COLUMN [column_name] [data_type]; or
DROP [column_name] [data_type]; | | DROP TABLE
Delete the table from existence

similar : DELETE | DROP TABLE [table_name]; | |

Data grouping​

QueryUsageRequirementsOptional Modifier
GROUP BY
Choose the group that will do the group function
GROUP BY [column_name]SELECT & FROM & Column functionsHAVING
HAVING
Allows GROUP to have some arguments
HAVING [arguments]GROUP

Manipulating data​

QueryUsageRequirements
INSERT INTO
Add new column to table
INSERT INTO [table_name]VALUES [column_values]
UPDATE
Edit column attributes
UPDATE [table_name]SET [column_name] = [argument] WHERE[argument]
DELETE FROM
Delete column from the table
DELETE FROM [table_name]WHERE [arguments]

Merging data table​

QueryUsageRequirements
INNER JOIN
Result will be matched only
INNER JOIN [table_name] or
JOIN [table_name]
... ON [currentTable_column_name] = [targetTable_column_name] or
... USING [key_column_Name]
OUTER JOIN
Result will be matched + some table
LEFT JOIN [table_name] or
RIGHT JOIN [table_name] or
FULL JOIN [table_name]
... ON [currentTable_column_name] = [targetTable_column_name] or
... USING [key_column_Name]
NATURAL JOIN
Automatic finding of merging key

similar : EQUI JOIN
NATURAL JOIN [table_name]... ON [currentTable_column_name] = [targetTable_column_name] or
... USING [key_column_Name]

Additional table controls​

QueryUsage
RENAME
Rename a table name
RENAME [table_name] [new_table_name]
SET INTEGRITY
Set Foreign Key Integrity Rule
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = [true / false]

Transaction control​

QueryUsage
COMMIT
Commit all transactions created from last checkpoint
COMMIT
ROLLBACK
Revert all transactions to last checkpoint
ROLLBACK [checkpoint_name]
SAVEPOINT
Create a new checkpoint
SAVEPOINT [new_savepoint_name]